Lincoln ne plaster rings5/6/2023 ![]() ![]() A biofilm is a protective matrix, a community of microorganisms which excrete materials, usually proteins and sugar polymers, to produce an extracellular polysaccharide matrix (EPS) 2. Biological processes of decay range from the impact of plants to bird droppings, but the important role of colonisation of the stone surface by microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae, through the formation of biofilms is probably underestimated. The deterioration seen on stone surfaces results from chemical, physical and biological processes 1. ![]() This research adds significant new understanding to the field, aiding decision making in conservation of stone surfaces. Additionally, we have identified a previously undescribed method of biofilm-associated biomechanical damage. Isolated species were characterised for biofilm formation and biodeteriorative processes, resulting in the association of species with biodeterioration that had not been previously described. In addition to the core microbiome, significant differences were found between species isolated from undamaged compared to damaged surfaces. We demonstrate there is a core microbiome on Lincolnshire limestone present on both damaged and undamaged surfaces. To address this, we used metagenomics alongside traditional microbiological techniques to produce an in-depth analysis of differences between the bacterial microbiomes found on deteriorated and undamaged external limestone surfaces. A lack of information about the core microbiome has resulted in conflicting claims in the literature regarding the biodeteriorative potential of many microorganisms. ![]() This paper aims to determine the differences and commonalities between the microbiome of physically damaged and undamaged Lincolnshire limestone, an area of research which has not been previously studied. Carboniferous stones, such as limestone and marble, are soluble in weak acid solutions and therefore particularly vulnerable to biocorrosion. There is growing concern surrounding the aesthetic and physical effects of microbial biofilms on heritage buildings and monuments. ![]()
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